This had been felt publicly for years

400,000 copies sold, Planeta Prize, and a mystery: who is “Carmen Mola”? A university professor with literary talent but aversion to celebrity was always the official answer. We learnt the truth this weekend. Three men, despite multiple interviews, were involved. Three men who started one of the nation’s biggest book trends… Pretending to be female.

And it was known. At least some suspected it. Fans and literary critics analysed Carmen Mola’s work and proposed their own theories about her identity after her success. One of them was literary YouTuber Mikey Fernández, with over 19,000 followers. Last December, he said:

More cases. Most Carmen Mola masculinity theories were given in broader analyses of her work. Another literary fan with 6,000 YouTube subscribers is Félix Linares. He said this about his identity three months before Mikey Fernández’s video in September 2020:

The pseudonym Carmen Mola and the lack of a public figure to support it had already sparked a literary debate. Not everyone believed it. Writer Ana Ballabriga posted this humorous message on Facebook in July 2020:

More cases. Ballabriga faithfully depicted “Carmen Mola”‘s birth without knowing it. Her three creators said this about her surname: “The name appeared in two minutes. A joke, sort of. Someone said “mola” and Carmen became Carmen Mola.” Twitter has many similar suggestions from before the pseudonym’s identity was revealed. Written press too. In 2018, Rosa Martí wrote in Esquire:

Reasons to doubt. Due to the €1,000,000 prize and their books‘ popularity, the issue is unusually relevant. Also because the authors have long promoted deception in all interviews. I must be a man to answer that. “I’m only the author of three novels,” they told El Mundo in May 2020. The headline was striking: “More than a mask, my pseudonym is a shield.”

Proven method. The Mola scandal involved the Planeta Prize and its authors’ creativity in front of journalists. He was extravagant and not discreet. If there was early speculation about his other identities, it was because the literary industry, as noted here, is full of pseudonyms created by many creative minds.

Disgrace has another cause. Women have had to use male pseudonyms to enter mass fiction for centuries. Catherine Nichols, who was denied the right to publish her novel, changed her name to George Leyer. It worked. Literature has always featured women who impersonate men to succeed. Now, when female authors are popular, men impersonate women.

Trio accept €1m prize, revealing pseudonym ‘Spain’s Elena Ferrante’

After winning a million euros, three Spanish men revealed that they wrote ultra-violent crime thrillers marketed as “Spain’s Elena Ferrante.”

The men published as Carmen Mola, meaning “Carmen’s cool”.

After their book won the Planeta prize, the trio went public to collect the cheque at a lavish ceremony attended by the Spanish king.

Before forming Mola, authors Agustín Martínez, Jorge Díaz, and Antonio Mercero had published novels and scripts under their real names. TV credits include “Central Hospital” and “Blind Date”.

Penguin Random House describes Carmen Mola protagonist detective Elena Blanco as a “peculiar and solitary woman, who loves grappa, karaoke, classic cars and sex in SUVs”.

The 40- and 50-year-old men denied using a female pseudonym to promote the books. Antonio Mercero stated in an interview with El País that they hid behind a name, not a woman. “I have no idea if a female pseudonym would sell more than a male one, but I doubt it.”

In interviews and on their website, they claimed Mola was a late-40s professor, telling Spanish ABC newspaper three years ago that they needed anonymity to “protect a settled life that has nothing to do with literature”.

The apparent creator’s life and “her” creations were contrasted in book publicity, according to Spanish media.

“It hasn’t escaped anyone’s notice that the idea of a university professor and mother of three, who taught algebra classes in the morning then wrote ultra-violent, macabre novels in scraps of free time in the afternoon, made for a great marketing operation,” El Mundo wrote in an interview with the authors

Over several years, feminist, writer, activist, and former head of Spain’s Women’s Institute Beatriz Gimeno criticised the men for portraying Carmen Mola as a woman in their Carmen Mola book publicity.

“Besides using a female pseudonym, these guys have done interviews for years. They’ve used a fake profile to attract readers and journalists, not just the name. “They’re scammers,” she tweeted.

On their agent’s website, the author profile page has a photo of a woman looking away from the camera above a flattering comparison to Ferrante.

A regional branch of the Women’s Institute recommended one of Mola’s books last year as part of a list of female authors like Margaret Atwood that could “help us understand the reality and the experiences of women in different periods of history and contribute to raising awareness about rights and freedoms”.

The Planeta prize, run by the same-named publishing house, seeks profitable new books as well as talent.

Only unpublished manuscripts are accepted, and Planeta must publish the winner. The new Mola book, which will be published under that name, will leave Penguin Random House.

The prize-winning book does not feature Blanco. Spanish media describe it as a historical thriller about a serial killer who dismembers girls in 1834 during a cholera epidemic. A journalist, policeman, and young woman band together to find him.

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